The Moorish idol, Zanclus
cornutus ("crowned scythe"), is a small marine fish species, the
sole extant representative of the family Zanclidae (from the Greek
ζαγκίος, zagkios, "oblique") in order Perciform. A common
inhabitant of tropical to subtropical reefs and lagoons, the Moorish idol is
notable for its wide distribution throughout the Indo-Pacific. A number of
butterflyfishes (genus Heniochus) closely resemble the Moorish idol. It
is closely related to, if not a direct descendant of, the extinct Eozanclus
brevirhostris, from the Middle Eocene of Monte Bolca.
The Moorish idol got its name from
the Moors of Africa, who purportedly believed the fish to be a bringer of
happiness. Moorish idols are also popular aquarium fish, but despite their
popularity, they are notorious for short aquarium lifespans and sensitivity.
